урок пять

Possessives Case

These words match the gender of the noun they accompany

For example: моя дочь or мой сын

m.	f.	n	translate
мой	моя	моё	my
твой	твоя	твоё	your
наш	наша	наше	nuestro
ваш	ваша	ваше	vuestro

we also have these that are undeclinable, meaning they wont change depening of the gender of the noun.

his	her	its	their
его	её	его	их

урок шесть

Accusative Case

When do we use accusative? "

After verbs where you would use 'him' not 'he'
- Даня: вы знаете Даню
- она: я люблю её
In time expressions of duration and frequency

минута: подождите минуту
неделя: я здесь уже неделю - I've been here for a week

With в into and на on to to express motion to somewhere

москва: я еду в москву

With the prepostions через through, across, за for

лес: через лес - through the forest
улица: через улицу - across the street
писмьо: спасибо за писмьо
ответ: спасибо за ответ

Note: depending on the case в москву means different stuff

в москву means to moscow
в москве means in moscow

What is the Accusative Case "

The accusative case is where a noun is the direct object of a verb, for example in the sentence:

I love her

her acts like the object of the verb. In English only the pronuons change when in the accusative case, in Russian nouns can change too.

How to modify nouns when using Accusative? "

Nouns that end in а change to -у (Regardless of the gender)
- Москва: я люблю Москву
Nouns that end in я change to -ю (Regardless of the gender)
- дядя и ваня: она любит дядю ваню
Femenine nouns ending in ь do not change.
- дочь: он любит дочь
Masculine nouns ending in a consonant, ь, or й do not change (unless animate objects)
- сын: он любит сын
Neuter nouns do not change
- письмо: она читает письмо

Animate objects? "

Animate objects are people and animals. They change in the accusative case

To nouns ending in a consonant we add -а
- иван: ты знаешь ивана?
To nouns ending in ь or й we replace the letter and add -я
- игорь: ты знаешь игоря?
Femenine animated nouns act like inanimated ones
- а to -у
- я to -ю
- ь to -ь

Accusative Case of Pronouns "

nom	accusative	translate
я	меня	me
ты	тебя	you
он	его	him
она	ее	her
онó	его	it
мы	нас	us
вы	вас	you
они	их	them

отчества "

When someone is introduced to you in a formal way, they will say their name and then their patronymic (отчество), this is like a middle name that is created with the name of the persons father.

Before continuing, позволь мне писать here some common names in russian.

Name	Intimate Form	Gender
Елена	Лена	Female
Наталья (or ия)	Наташа	Female
Татьяна	Таня	Female
Ольга	Оля	Female
Мария	Маша	Female
Ирина	Ира	Female
Светлана	Света	Female
Галина	Галя	Female
Александр	Саша	Male
Борис	Боря	Male
Владимир	Володя	Male
Иван	Ваня	Male
Михаил	Миша	Male
Николай	Коля	Male
Павел	Паша	Male
Сергей	Серёжа	Male

The отчества are formed by adding -ович или -евич for male and -овна или -евна for female to the father's name. The о ones follow hard consonants, the е ones follow soft endings replacing й or ь.

это значит что Игорь будет Игоревич/Игоревна and иван would be Иванович/Ивановена

They are in such common use that usually they drop the ов and ев unless stressed.